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英语考研二级阅读理解真题1

Text 2

For years, studies have found that first-generation college students-those

who do not have a parent with a college degree-lag other students on a range of

education achievement factors. Their grades are lower and their dropout rates

are higher. But since such students are most likely to advance economically if

they succeed in higher education, colleges and universities have pushed for

decades to recruit more of them. This has created “a paradox” in that recruiting

first-generation students, but then watching many of them fail, means that

higher education has “continued to reproduce and widen, rather than close”

achievement gap based on social class, according to the depressing beginning of

a paper forthcoming in the journal Psychological Sciense.

But the article is actually quite optimistic, as it outlines a potential

solution to this problem, suggesting that an approach(which involves a one-hour,

next-to-no-cost program) can close 63 percent of the achievement gap(measured by

such factors as grades)between first-generation and other students.

The authors of the paper are from different universities, and their findins

are based on a study involving 147 students(who completed the project)at an

unnamed private unive rsity.First generation was defined as not having a parent

with a fou r-year college degree Most of the first-generation students(59.1

percent) were recipients of Pell Grants，a federal g rant for undergraduates with

financial need，while this was true only for 8.6 percent of the students wit at

least one parent with a four-year degree

Their thesis-that a relatively modest inte rvention could have a big

impact-was based on the view that first-gene ration students may be most lacking

not in potential but in practical knowledge about how to deal with the issues

that face most college students They cite past resea rch by several authors to

show that this is the gap that must be na rrowed to close the achievement

gap.

Many first-gene ration students”struggle to navigate the middle-class

culture of higher education，learn the’rules of the game，’and take advantage of

college resou rces,” they write And this becomes more of a problem when collages

don’t talk about the class advantage and disadvantages of different groups of

students Because US colleges and universities seldom acknowledge how social

class can affect students’ educational expe rience，many first-gene ration

students lack sight about why they a re struggling and do not unde rstand how

students’ like them can improve

26. Recruiting more first-generation students has

[A]reduced their d ropout rates

[B]narrowed the achievement gao

[C] missed its original pu rpose

[D]depressed college students

27 The author of the research article are optimistic because

[A]the problem is solvable

[B]their approach is costless

[q the recruiting rate has increased

[D]their finding appeal to students

28 The study suggests that most first-gene ration students

[A]study at private universities

[B]are from single-pa rent families

[q are in need of financial support

[D]have failed their collage

29. The author of the paper believe that first-generation students

[A]a re actually indifferent to the achievement gap

[B]can have a potential influence on othe r students

[C] may lack opportunities to apply for resea rch projects

[D]are inexperienced in handling their issues at college

30.We mayinfer from the last paragraph that–

[A]universities often r~ect the culture of the middle-class

[B]students are usually to blame for their lack of resources

[C]social class g reatly helps en rich educational experiences

[D]colleges are partly responsible for the problem in question

英语考研二级阅读理解真题2

Text 2

An article in Scientific America has pointed out that empirical research

says that, actually, you think you’re more beautiful than you are. We have a

deep-seated need to feel good about ourselves and we naturally employ a number

of self-enhancing strategies to research into what the call the “above average

effect”, or “illusory superiority”, and shown that, for example, 70% of us rate

ourselves as above average in leadership, 93% in driving and 85% at getting on

well with others—all obviously statistical impossibilities.

We rose tint our memories and put ourselves into self-affirming situations.

We become defensive when criticized, and apply negative stereotypes to others to

boost our own esteem, we stalk around thinking we’re hot stuff.

Psychologist and behavioral scientist Nicholas Epley oversaw a key studying

into self-enhancement and attractiveness. Rather that have people simply rate

their beauty compress with others, he asked them to identify an original

photogragh of themselves’ from a lineup including versions that had been altered

to appear more and less attractive. Visual recognition, reads the study, is “an

automatic psychological process occurring rapidly and intuitively with little or

no apparent conscious deliberation”. If the subjects quickly chose a falsely

flattering image- which must did- they genuinely believed it was really how they

looked. Epley found no significant gender difference in responses. Nor was there

any evidence that, those who self-enhance the must (that is, the participants

who thought the most positively doctored picture were real) were doing so to

make up for profound insecurities. In fact those who thought that the images

higher up the attractiveness scale were real directly corresponded with those

who showed other makers for having higher self-esteem. “I don’t think the

findings that we having have are any evidence of personal delusion”, says Epley.

“It’s a reflection simply of people generally thinking well of themselves’. If

you are depressed, you won’t be self-enhancing. Knowing the results of Epley ‘s

study,it makes sense that why people heat photographs of themselves

Viscerally-on one level, they don’t even recognise the person in the picture as

themselves, Facebook therefore ,is a self-enhancer’s paradise,where people can

share only the most flattering photos, the cream of their wit ,style ,beauty,

intellect and lifestyle it’s not that people’s profiles are dishonest,says

catalina toma of Wiscon—Madison university ,”but they portray an idealized

version of themselves.

26. According to the first paragraph, social psychologist have found that

______.

[A] our self-ratings are unrealistically high

[B] illusory superiority is baseless effect

[C] our need for leadership is unnatural

[D] self-enhancing strategies are ineffective

27. Visual recognition is believed to be people’s______

[A] rapid watching

[B] conscious choice

[C] intuitive response

[D] automatic self-defence

28. Epley found that people with higher self-esteem tended to______

[A] underestimate their insecurities

[B] believe in their attractiveness

[C] cover up their depressions

[D] oversimplify their illusions

29.The word “Viscerally”(Line 2,para.5) is closest in meaning to_____.

[A]instinctively

[B]occasionally

[C]particularly

[D]aggressively

30. It can be inferred that Facebook is self-enhancer’s paradise because

people can _____.

[A]present their dishonest profiles

[B]define their traditional life styles

[C]share their intellectual pursuits

[D]withhold their unflattering sides

英语考研二级阅读理解真题3

Text 2

A century ago, the immigrants from across the Atlantic inclued settlers and

sojourners. Along with the many folks looking to make a permanent home in the

United States came those who had no intention to stay, and 7millin people

arrived while about 2 million departed. About a quarter of all Italian

immigrants, for exanmle, eventually returned to Italy for good. They even had an

affectionate nickname, “uccelli di passaggio,” birds of passage.

Today, we are much more rigid about immigrants. We divide nemcomers into

two categories: legal or illegal, good or bad. We hail them as Americans in the

making, or our broken immigrantion system and the long political paralysis over

how to fix it. We don’t need more categories, but we need to change the way we

think about categories. We need to look beyond strick definitions of legal and

illegal. To start, we can recognize the new birds of passage, those living and

thriving in the gray areas. We might then begin to solve our immigration

challenges.

Crop pickers, violinists, construction workers, entrepreneurs, engineers,

home health-care aides and physicists are among today’s birds of passage. They

are energetic participants in a global economy driven by the flow of work, money

and ideas .They prefer to come and go as opportunity calls them , They can

manage to have a job in one place and a family in another.

With or without permission, they straddle laws, jurisdictions and

identities with ease. We need them to imagine the United States as a place where

they can be productive for a while without committing themselves to staying

forever. We need them to feel that home can be both here and there and that they

can belong to two nations honorably.

Accommodating this new world of people in motion will require new attitudes

on both sides of the immigration battle .Looking beyond the culture war logic of

right or wrong means opening up the middle ground and understanding that

managing immigration today requires multiple paths and multiple outcomes.

Including some that are not easy to accomplish legally in the existing

system.

26 “Birds of passage” refers to those who____

[A] immigrate across the Atlantic.

[B] leave their home countries for good.

[C] stay in a foregin temporaily.

[D] find permanent jobs overseas.

27 It is implied in paragraph 2 that the current immigration stystem in the

US____

[A] needs new immigrant categories.

[B] has loosened control over immigrants.

[C] should be adopted to meet challenges.

[D] has been fixeed via political means.

28 According to the author, today’s birds of passage want___

[A] fiancial incentives.

[B] a global recognition.

[C] opportunities to get regular jobs.

[D] the freedom to stay and leave.

29 The author suggests that the birds of passage today should be treated

__

[A] as faithful partners.

[B] with economic favors.

[C] with regal tolerance.

[D] as mighty rivals.

30 选出最适合文章的标题

[A] come and go: big mistake.

[B] living and thriving : great risk.

[C] with or without : great risk.

[D] legal or illegal: big mistake.

英语考研二级阅读理解真题4

Text 2

When Liam McGee departed as president of Bank of America in August， his

explanation was surprisingly straight up. Rather than cloaking his exit in the

usual vague excuses， he came right out and said he was leaving “to pursue my

goal of running a company.” Broadcasting his ambition was “very much my

decision，” McGee says. Within two weeks， he was talking for the first time with

the board of Hartford Financial Services Group， which named him CEO and chairman

on September 29.

McGee says leaving without a position lined up gave him time to reflect on

what kind of company he wanted to run. It also sent a clear message to the

outside world about his aspirations. And McGee isn‘t alone. In recent weeks the

No.2 executives at Avon and American Express quit with the explanation that they

were looking for a CEO post. As boards scrutinize succession plans in response

to shareholder pressure， executives who don’t get the nod also may wish to move

on. A turbulent business environment also has senior managers cautious of

letting vague pronouncements cloud their reputations.

As the first signs of recovery begin to take hold， deputy chiefs may be

more willing to make the jump without a net. In the third quarter， CEO turnover

was down 23% from a year ago as nervous boards stuck with the leaders they had，

according to Liberum Research. As the economy picks up， opportunities will

abound for aspiring leaders.

The decision to quit a senior position to look for a better one is

unconventional. For years executives and headhunters have adhered to the rule

that the most attractive CEO candidates are the ones who must be poached. Says

Korn/Ferry senior partner Dennis Carey：“I can‘t think of a single search I’ve

done where a board has not instructed me to look at sitting CEOs first.”

Those who jumped without a job haven‘t always landed in top positions

quickly. Ellen Marram quit as chief of Tropicana a decade age， saying she wanted

to be a CEO. It was a year before she became head of a tiny Internet-based

commodities exchange. Robert Willumstad left Citigroup in 2005 with ambitions to

be a CEO. He finally took that post at a major financial institution three years

later.

Many recruiters say the old disgrace is fading for top performers. The

financial crisis has made it more acceptable to be between jobs or to leave a

bad one. “The traditional rule was it‘s safer to stay where you are， but that’s

been fundamentally inverted，” says one headhunter. “The people who‘ve been hurt

the worst are those who’ve stayed too long.”

26. When McGee announced his departure， his manner can best be described as

being

[A]arrogant.

[B]frank.

[C]self-centered.

[D]impulsive.

27. According to Paragraph 2， senior executives‘ quitting may be spurred

by

[A]their expectation of better financial status.

[B]their need to reflect on their private life.

[C]their strained relations with the boards.

[D]their pursuit of new career goals.

28. The word “poached” (Line 3， Paragraph 4) most probably means

[A]approved of.

[B]attended to.

[C]hunted for.

[D]guarded against.

29. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that

[A]top performers used to cling to their posts.

[B]loyalty of top performers is getting out-dated.

[C]top performers care more about reputations.

[D]it‘s safer to stick to the traditional rules.

30. Which of the following is the best title for the text?

[A]CEOs： Where to Go?

[B]CEOs： All the Way Up?

[C]Top Managers Jump without a Net

[D]The Only Way Out for Top Performers